Emmons Winthrop Route Update

The E/W Route has really come into great shape this June. Both skiers and climbers alike have found straightforward navigation up the glacier and crevasses that are easy to end-run or cross.  

Starting from the trailhead at White River Campground, the trail is mostly snow free until about 1/2 mile from Glacier Basin Campground.  From Glacier Basin, expect snowy conditions on the Inter Glacier.  The crevasses on the Inter Glacier haven't started to show and the firm glacial ice has yet to melt out.  Rockfall early in the morning when the snow surface is firm might be the biggest hazard right now on the Inter Glacier. 

Climber and skiers headed to Camp Schurman and up to the higher pitches on the mountain should veer off the Inter Glacier and onto the Emmons Glacier at around 9200', just above Camp Curtis.  Don't get suckered into following tracks to the top of Steamboat Prow.  

Looking down at Camp Schurman and the Streamboat Prow - the red line depicts the approach to Camp Schurman from the Inter Glacier at about 9200 feet.

Above Camp Schurman the route is in incredible shape. Fairly planar and direct up the corridor, an easy traverse from the top of the corridor at about 11,800' towards the upper Winthrop, and then general switchbacks up and right until Liberty Saddle.  Above Liberty Saddle, about 13,600', the surface conditions deteriorate with ice and sastrugi making for poor skiing conditions and tricky cramponing.  

Switchback up to Liberty Saddle, fairly planar snow.  

As always, and especially with the hot weather we're experiencing right now, major route changes can occur with glacial movement and the surface conditions of the glaciers can vary drastically depending on the time of day.  

Looking up towards the summit from Liberty Saddle.

Make sure to register at the ranger station to get your permit and pay the climbing fee.  Lately, there's been lots of walk-up availability, especially on weekdays.  Hope to see you up on the mountain as the solstice approaches!

Kautz Glacier 06/01/2025

The weather over the last week has brought mostly sunny days, moderate temperatures for this time of year with freeze levels bouncing between 9-11k, and consistent north winds providing for generally pleasant climbing conditions. Still, a few brief systems have rolled through as reminders to stay prepared for wintry weather and whiteout navigation, though little new snow has accumulated. Long days and warm weather as we head into summer continue melt and change surface conditions daily.

From Panorama Point looking across the Nisqually and Wilson Glaciers at the aproach to the Kautz.

As of 6/01/2025 the approach to the Kautz from Paradise is still predominantly snow, starting at the parking lot. Crossing the lower Nisqually glacier and gaining the Wilson bench is straightforward currently and climbers' have options as to how they would like to reach the Turtle snowfield. There have been few days with freeze level below 9K recently and snow conditions are changing rapidly at low elevations. Be wary of soft and sagging snow bridges over crevasses, as well as overhead cornice and rockfall potential. As a reminder, the lower Nisqually and Wilson are glaciated terrain and traveling roped up is always recommended. 

The Turtle snowfield and camp Hazard looking up from the Castle at 9k'

From the Castle up the ridgeline along the Turtle to the rock step, multiple camp sites/tent pads are starting to melt out and running water is occasionally found in the rocks, but water maybe unavailable if the freezing level is low. The rock step is melted out with 15' of traversing downclimb to reach snow. There was a handline in place on 6/01/25, however never trust your life to fixed gear without inspecting the anchor and rope quality first and be prepared to manage this feature on your own. Traversing from the rock step into the main Kautz chute is moderate snow currently, however the traverse moves under seracs that require attention. 

The rock step looking forward

The rock step looking back, 10-15' of traversing-down climbing to a snow ledge.

The Kautz chute is currently steep snow through the first pinch, ~50 degrees, but a few more warm days may melt this down to glacier ice. The second and final step of the chute was one pitch of AI2 and steep snow. A light rack of pickets, several ice screws, and two axes were useful for this pitch. Above the chute the route continues into low angle glacier walking towards the Wapowety Cleaver. There are several large cracks in this 12-13k' zone that are bridged currently allowing for direct travel but may require long end runs as they melt out. 

The Kautz chute from the rock step. The lower pinch is still snow while the upper requires a pitch of AI2 climbing.   

Steep snow leading into the ice pitch of the upper chute.

Above the Wapowety cleaver, climber's currently have the option to head climber's left towards Point Success through the steep snow of the upper Kautz, or climber's right onto the upper Nisqually glacier and towards the Columbia Crest through lower angle terrain. Moving off the Wapowety Cleaver onto the Nisqually may increase in difficulty as the moat along the cleaver melts and widens. 

Low angle glacier travel of the upper Kautz below the Wapowety Cleaver.

Disappointment Cleaver 5/28/25

    After a busy Memorial Day weekend, climbers found a handful of days of favorable climbing weather and successful summits. After the serac fall from the upper Ingram Glacier on May 19, there have been no known climbing teams ascending the ID. All teams have been climbing the Disappointment Cleaver and holds the predominate track up the mountain for the Muir Corridor. 

DC and Ingraham Flats camp

    As for the route up the DC itself, it remains relatively unchanged from our previous blog post. Guide services have been putting in work widening and wanding the route over the past few days. With the increased climbing traffic helping to "punch in" the track, good cramponing and straightforward travel make for a fairly direct climb. There are still no ladders on the route at the time this blog is posted. A plethora of pickets above the cleaver to the summit remain as running protection options. Again, use at your discretion when deciding to clip into these. The NPS does not maintain these pickets and should be inspected by the climbing party for structural integrity in their placement.

Remaining Seracs from 5/19 collapse

    Teams are encouraged to move with purpose from Flats camp to the spine of the cleaver where the route is exposed to serac and rock fall. Please do not take breaks under the exposure on the ascent or descent. If there are other teams moving through this zone, communicate with each other to minimize traffic jams and bottlenecks where the overhead hazard is high.

Overhead serac exposure in the "Ice Box"

Additional Information

    A climbing permit and Payment of the Climbing Cost and Recovery Fee are required to climb Mount Rainier. More information can be found on Mount Rainier National Parks Website. The Paradise Wilderness Information Center (PWIC) is open for the season with hours of operation between 7:30am - 5pm

Emmons/Winthrop Route Update

 After a stormy Memorial Day weekend, the route remains in great shape for climbers.  The approach to Glacier Basin continues to melt out and there's more trail than snow now, and the snow patches that are present have a fairly consolidated boot pack for reasonable walking.  Be cautious on bridges where melting snow has created a potentially hazardous crossing.  See photo below for an example.  

Depending on the weather - the Inter Glacier can either be a skier's paradise, with over 3500 feet of planar snow at an average of 25 degrees, or a nightmare with the reflective heat of the sun roasting folks with huge packs trying to ascend or storm clouds reducing visibility to near zero with precipitation turning the snow to bottomless slush.  All of these conditions occurred during the last holiday weekend and it's worth noting that skiers will have to recognize when conditions are great for skiing or when it's dangerous to be travelling on skis through this terrain.  

The glaciers above high camp continue to offer many routes to the summit.  There's the classic route up the Emmons Corridor, crossing over to the Alpine Meadow and then traversing up and right to the summit, Columbia Crest.  An alternative route traverses right out of camp to the Winthrop Glacier, ascends a steep snow slope to the Winthrop Shoulder and then directly up the shoulder to the summit crater.  With guide services ascending the route for the first time this week, a boot pack should be established, but expect some route finding and keep a track log for your own navigation purposes.  Wands are not allowed to be left on this route - so any guide service or independent who places wands on their ascent will take them on their descent.  

Surface conditions above Camp Schurman continue to be transitioning from a "winter" snowpack to a more "spring" style snowpack.  This transition makes for breakable crusts, sastrugi, scoured icy sections and unconsolidated mush - challenging ski conditions - especially when considering the crevasse fall potential associated with skiing on the glaciers.  Look for the best skiing conditions lower on the mountain - the lower Cowlitz Glacier, Little Tahoma, the Inter Glacier and in the Tatoosh.  

Emmons/Winthrop Route Update 5/22/2025

The road to the White River Campground and trailhead for Camp Schurman is slated to open Friday, May 23rd - just in time for Memorial Day Weekend.  Check the park's Road Status website for more details.  Rangers have opened up a toilet at Camp Schurman and there's also a barrel outside the toilet to deposit used blue bags.

Photo taken 5/21/25 of the Winthrop Shoulder.

The approach to Camp Schurman is still in early-season conditions and though there's a bit of snow right at the parking lot, expect the first mile or so to be bare trail.  The next couple miles will be a mix of snow and trail, and then almost 100% snow covered from the switchback a half-mile before Glacier Basin Campground.  The Inter Glacier has been planar and offered decent skiing conditions this spring.  

The climbing route above Camp Schurman has had only a couple of intrepid teams on it so far this year.  Expect no boot pack, nor wands on the route and winter-like conditions.  Wind transport of new snow has created some hollow sounding slabs and false bridges barely covering crevasses.  A team of experienced skiers who've skied this route in previously great conditions, found themselves taking off their skis multiple times and belaying across crevasse bridges and even a section of exposed hard glacial ice.  They also reported large sastrugi covering most of the upper mountain above the corridor.  They recommended giving the upper mountain a couple of weeks of melt/freeze before it's back into better skiing conditions.

 

Photo taken 5/21/25 of ice on the E/W Route.

Climbers can expect a less consolidated snow surface and more effort in "booting" up the route on the upper mountain.  Keep an eye on changing conditions as the weather changes into the weekend.  Teams should be more self-reliant during summit attempts this early in the season.  Don't rely on anyone else for rescue - make sure your team has what it needs if one of your party gets injured - think stove, extra fuel, sleeping bag, extra food, etc.  

Photo taken 5/21/25 of the large and firm sastrugi on the upper E/W route.

Skiers over on Little Tahoma reported great planar ski conditions on the Whitman and Fryingpan Glaciers.  No big crevasse openings yet on either of the glaciers and the snow has consolidated more at these lower elevations.  

No matter if you're planning on climbing or skiing this weekend, be sure to stay well within your ability level!  We hope to see you this holiday weekend - and many more holiday weekends in the future! 

Muir Corridor Update 5/21/25

Overview

The past week has brought high winds, new snow, and cold temps with varied forecast accuracy for the upper mountain. We observed winds in the 40-80+ mph, drifted snow on leeward regions totaling 24+ inches, and cold temperatures. Due to these conditions there has not been a high amount of traffic on the upper mountain, and teams can expect to encounter a more natural feel with less obvious boot pack in places, reinforcing the need for parties to always come prepared to use their own route-finding and navigational skills when climbing. Notable hazards right now include:

+White Out Conditions

+Serac Fall and Rock Fall

+Cold Temps

+Crevasse Fall

+Avalanche

Serac Fall at Ingraham Flats

At ~6am on May 19th a team staying at Ingraham flats reported a Serac Fall event that spread debris and ice blocks through portions of the Ingraham Direct route, within Flats Camp itself, and a few basketball sized ice blocks came to rest ~40ft downhill of camp. No one was harmed.

View from the flats, gouging on the Ingraham and blocks/debris visible (5/19, 11,000')

View of the debris from the cleaver, collapsed tents at the flats can be seen (5/20, 11,800')

Seracs at ~12,700ft on the Inghram Glacier, where the blocks originated (5/20, 12,300')

It's important to note that Seracs can fall at any time of day or night, regardless of forecasted temperature, wind events, or other factors. Forecasting when these chunks will fall is exceptionally hard if not impossible. Your best way to mitigate these hazards is to simply avoid them or minimize the time you are exposed to them. Be intentional where you take breaks, and move efficiently through zones where these objective hazards are present

Disappointment Cleaver

Route up the DC on 5/20/25

Cold temps, strong winds, and fresh snowfall this past week have helped keep the DC predominantly a snow climb, with a few short sections of rock to be encountered. Currently, the route is wanded to the summit. At ~13,700ft wands from the ID join the DC, and parties should take care to ensure they are descending their intended route. As of 5/20 there were fixed lines on the lower half of the cleaver, and many fixed pickets between ~12,500 and ~13,200.

There were no ladders present on 5/20. Teams are free to use fixed protection; however it may have been days since someone last checked or placed this gear and changing conditions may have compromised their security. Never clip into something you are not sure about and be prepared with your own kit to increase your security. As a reminder, the NPS does not place or maintain any of the fixed gear on the mountain.

Teams should consider shortening their rope length when moving through rocky areas, such as Cathedral Gap and on the cleaver, to prevent causing unnecessary rockfall that may threaten you or others. Teams are also encouraged to move with purpose from Flats camp onto the cleaver where the route is exposed to serac fall hazard from the upper Ingraham Glacier, and the Icebox climbers left of the cleaver. If there are other teams moving through this zone, communicate with each other to minimize traffic jams and bottlenecks where the overhead hazard is high. 

Looking up from Ingraham Flats Camp at the Disappointment Cleaver (5/19, 11,000')

The traverse getting onto the Cleaver (5/20, 11,400')

Switchback at the bottom of the Disappointment Cleaver with a fixed rope (5/20, 11,500')

Fixed ropes and mostly snow travel on the cleaver. (5/20, 11,500')

Looking up from the top of the cleaver at ~12,400'. The route trends climbers right above the cleaver around the seracs of the upper Ingraham glacier. (5/20, 12,300')

Looking out towards the Emmons Shoulder (5/20, 13,000')

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Crevasse crossing near 13,400' with fresh snow bridging the crack. (5/20, 13,500')

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There are several crevasses encountered near 13,500' on the upper DC route. Wind drifted snow has thinly covered many of these cracks and may hide the best place to cross. (5/20)

Ingraham Direct

Guided groups and independent teams alike have had success on the ID this season. Recently, all fixed protection has been removed from the route and most parties are opting to climb the DC due to recent serac fall on the route.

Route up the Ingraham Direct on 5/16/25

Between Ingraham Flats and 12,000ft there are a few crevasses that are beginning to open up and snow bridges that must be negotiated. Even with forecasted freezing levels this past week between 4,000ft and 6,000ft, the intense solar radiation and time with minimal or calm winds has meant that surface conditions began to soften and snow bridges were losing structure in the afternoon.

Looking up the Ingraham (5/16, ~11,200')

In the photo above, high on the Ingraham, center of the photo you can be see hanging seracs that threaten portions of the route from above. Already this season multiple parties have reported close calls and near misses with blocks falling near them when climbing the ID.

 ~12,000ft on the ID (5/16)

From 12k to Camp Comfort at just above 12,700ft the route is steeper, and more exposed. On 5/16 a handful of fixed pickets were present on the route protecting a few of these exposed traverses, and crevasse crossings. This pickets have since been removed so parties will need to come prepared to place protection for themselves and manage crossings like they would on any other route on Rainier.

Climbing Ranger Being Belayed Across a Bridged Crevasse at 12,700ft Utilizing Pickets for Protection on (5/16)

Above Camp Comfort the route trends left across the Nisqually glacier before switching back a few times to the crater rim. 

Additional Information 

A climbing Permit and Payment of the Climbing Cost Recovery Fee are required to climb Mount Rainier. More information can be found on Mount Rainier National Parks Website. The Paradise Wilderness Information Center (PWIC) is open for the season with hours of operation between 7:30am – 5pm.

Conditions Update 5/12/25

Ascending to Camp Muir is still mostly continuous snow with spots of rock beginning to show through. As snow melts, we ask that folks stick to wanded routes and snow surfaces to reduce impacts on vegetated terrain. As always it is encouraged to keep a track of your ascent route in the event that weather changes quickly - this will allow you to retrace your steps.  

Snowfield ascent to Muir 5/9/25

If climbing or skiing on a glacier or above 10,000 feet you need a permit (every time you come up to climb) and to pay the annual climbing fee (only once per calendar year). The PWIC (Paradise Information Center) is now open for the season at Paradise seven days a week 7:30 - 5:00. The White River Ranger station is still operating on a self-registration format. As always, climbers will need to pay the Annual Climbing Fee. More information can be found here. 

Climbing: Climbers have been ascending both the Ingraham Direct (ID) and Disappointment Cleaver (DC) route. Currently the DC has a few sections of rock and is predominantly still snow. Both the ID and DC routes had large sized serac fall cross the established routes. As always, limit time exposed to these hazards by moving efficiently and timing stops accordingly. 

Serac fall in the Ice Box on the Ingraham Glacier 5/10/25

Ingraham Flats with the DC and ID routes 5/10/25

Emmons/ Winthrop: 

The road to White River Campground and the trailhead to Glacier Basin is plowed but still closed to vehicles.  Some intrepid skiers have been biking from the North Park Boundary to the trailhead (11 miles) when the road is open to recreational use.  Be sure to note the sign on the gate as to whether the road is open to recreational-use or not.  There's still heavy equipment working and occasionally the road will close to bikers/hikers.  The trail from White River Campground to Glacier Basin is still mostly snow, but with long patches of dirt.  It's recommended to bring shoes/boots other than ski boots.  

Both the Emmons Moraine approach and Inter Glacier approach to Camp Schurman are in good shape.  Planar snow that's great for skiing can be found on both the Emmons and Inter. One bathroom is open at Camp Schurman and the blue bag barrel is open outside the bathroom.

The climbing route above Camp Schurman is in great shape, but untraveled.  Be prepared to be self-sufficient and find your own route up the glacier - there's no boot pack or wands to guide the way.  

Looking up the lower Emmons Glacier 5/9/25

Leave No Trace: Rangers have already noted human waste on climbing routes. Do your part and carry blue bags / wag bags on the mountain... and use them! Disposal of these can be done at both high camps, in barrels outside the bathrooms with flip lids. Additionally, for those that use the public shelter located at Camp Muir, remember to pack out what you have packed in - no trash left behind - even if you think someone might utilize it.

Weather: As Mount Rainier moves into summer weather we are continuing to see active weather patterns. Over the last few days, the Park has seen sun, rain and snow with winds ranging from calm to extreme speeds. Always do a thorough weather check before venturing onto the mountain and expect weather to change quickly. Be prepared for whiteout navigation with GPS tracks and mapping tools.  Also - remember that if you venture out in extreme weather any rescue resource may not be able to help you.  Helicopters cannot fly in clouds near the mountain and rescue crews will be delayed or unable to assist in extreme winds.  

Whiteout conditions on the Muir Snowfield 5/11/25

South Side ID/DC Corridor Update

The first stable weather of the spring arrived and teams are out and about on the upper mountain. We have a few updates we'd like to pass on. 

Guides made it to the top of the Cleaver via the Ingraham Direct (ID) on 4/23. It was described as mellow walking but has considerable exposure to ice fall from seracs above. 

Around six teams of independent climbers have successfully climbed the Ingraham Direct to the summit, and guides are headed up today (4/28) to begin working on the ID. 

We received a report on 4/25 from a team that ascended the ID and skied the Fuhrer's Thumb. They report the lower ID up to Camp Comfort being quite steep with thin crevasse bridges. Above Comfort they describe the ID as "easy as it gets." Ski conditions on the Fuhrers Thumb were described as continuously planar, with corn up high and hot pow down to the Wilson Bench where the snow got sticky. 

They ran into a party near the summit that had climbed the Success Cleaver planning to ski the Success Couloir. However, wind effected surface conditions led them to ski the Fuhrers Finger instead.

Photo taken on 4/24 on the Ingraham Direct. Red line: route skiers took to Camp Comfort. Green: guide service path to the top of the DC.

Climbing permits are still available by self-registration with the Paradise WIC slated to open on May 4. Those looking to climb or ski on the upper mountain (even in a single push) need to obtain a climbing permit and pay their annual climbing fee. See our park website for more information about permits and the climbing fee.

Spring Skiing and Riding

 

View of Rainier and Panorama Point taken 4/9/2025

    As days get longer and weather gets warmer, folks are getting out and taking advantage of the winter recreation at the park. It is important to remember some key take-aways from our previous blog post.

    Please make sure to have a contingency plan within your group or within yourself in the event that things don't go according to plan. Items such as a rescue tarp, a sleeping bag, and a stove to melt water can make a huge difference if an accident occurs. Packing a bit extra food and plenty of warm layers keeps you more comfortable on your day out and works well for unexpected delays. Remember: Do not just rely on a communication device to request a rescue. Any form of rescue can take multiple days to arrive, particularly in early season, winter-like conditions. Be self-sufficient within your party and plan accordingly.

    An important reminder for those planning to travel in avalanche terrain: 

    The Northwest Avalanche Center is no longer issuing daily backcountry avalanche forecasts for the remainder of the season after April 13, 2025. Check NWAC's website for information but do not rely on standard forecast products to plan your trip. Instead, use appropriate planning and observations to mitigate exposing yourself and team to avalanche hazards. 

Image of snapped trees from a large avalanche that ran recently in the Tatoosh Range.

    The acronym ALPTRUTH can be helpful in identifying "red flags" when it comes to avalanches.

A: Avalanche. Have there been recent avalanches in the last 48 hours? Are you seeing active avalanches?

L: Loading. Has there been loading on the slope by snow, wind, or rain in the last 48 hours?

P: Path. Will your planned travel cross an obvious avalanche path? Will your uphill travel cross any potential avalanche paths?

T: Terrain Trap. Is there a terrain trap? These include gullies, trees, cliffs, creek holes, crevasses, or other features. A slide into a terrain trap increases severity.

R: Rating. What does the avalanche forecast say? While daily forecasts will be suspended for the season, NWAC will post daily advisories and avalanche warnings periodically. Use this info to help inform decisions.

U: Unstable Snow. Have you heard/seen any cracking, collapsing, whoomphing? These are clear signs of instability.

TH: Thaw. Has there been recent warming of the snow's surface due to sun, rain, or air temperature? Warming can increase instability and avalanche risk. Look for active roller balls and get a sense of the snow under your equipment to help determine saturation and warming trends. Particularly as days get warmer throughout the spring. 

Size of debris from large wet slab that ran recently in Tatoosh Range. Ranger for reference.

    Any of these "red flags" observed should be taken as warning signs of increasing hazardous avalanche conditions. Use group decision making and thoughtful discussion to prompt appropriate travel techniques. 

    It is standard practice for backcountry travelers to always carry an avalanche shovel, probe, and transceiver when traveling in or under avalanche terrain until snow has transitioned to summer conditions. 

    Other hazards to consider include breakable crusts and difficult ski conditions which can lead to unexpected falls. Creek-holes are also a hazard worth dedicating special attention to. As the creeks melt out, free-moving water is rushing underneath the ever-thinning snowpack. Falling into one of these openings can be deadly. Steer clear of creeks! Lastly, white-out conditions are always a possibility, even on bluebird days. Always come prepared ready to navigate back down with extremely limited visibility. Tacking a track with a GPS device is highly recommended as well as having that map and compass as a backup.

    Spring is an incredible time to venture out on the mountain and surrounding peaks. With good weather, good conditions, and good planning, there are some phenomenal adventures to be had!

Twenty Twenty Five

 

The 2025 season is upon us here at Mount Rainier. Climbing rangers are starting early-season training before the true summer climbing season begins.  By mid-May our staff should be up on the mountain regularly and providing updates to route conditions. Stay tuned for more updates as the season unfolds.  Check the links in the archive to the left for former condition updates to give you an idea of how the routes typically look during the different months of the year. 

Spring storm fronts have been cycling through Mount Rainier bringing periods of intense snowfall followed by short periods of sunshine and calm. This typical early-season weather pattern has brought over 48 inches of snow to Paradise in just a couple of days and then raised temperatures to nearly 60 degrees Fahrenheit.  This highly variable and unpredictable weather is typical for this time of year on Mount Rainier.  Any backcountry traveler should use an extra amount of caution due to both the intensity and potential longevity of storms this time of year. 

While climbers can attempt to summit year-round, the typical "summer" climbing season has not started on Mount Rainier.  Access to the mountain's trailheads can vary this time of year depending on the weather.  Check the park's Road Status webpage for details on getting to your preferred trailhead. Be sure to follow all driving and parking regulations as heavy machinery works on the roads this time of year to clear the snow.  

Climbing reservations, although not required for climbing permits, can be requested for the 2025 season ahead of time and are recommended for larger groups who're traveling long distances and have a limited date range to attempt their climb.  Climbing permits can be obtained the same day or up to 24 hours in advance of the start of a climb if there's space still available.  Check out the park's Climbing Information website at the park for more details on how to obtain a climbing permit and pay the annual climbing fee.

Many folks are snowshoeing, skiing and snowboarding this time of year on the lower slopes of the mountain and on smaller peaks within the park. Please make sure to have a contingency plan within your group to self-rescue if things don't go to plan.  Items such as a rescue tarp and a lightweight sleeping bag can make the difference if someone hurts their leg. Extra food and water or hot tea can be essential when an unexpected delay occurs. Don't just rely on a communication device to request a rescue - any form of rescue or first-aid can take multiple days to arrive in these early-season conditions - be self-sufficient within your party.

Check the local avalanche forecast for our zone if considering any adventure in avalanche terrain. Also, consider that creek holes and tree wells are just as hazardous as avalanches - "don't ski what you can't see."  Lastly, as the snowpack transitions from a winter to spring conditions, the intense sun frequently bakes a crust onto unconsolidated powdery snow creating almost impossible ski conditions. Skiing this breakable crust frequently leads to unexpected falls and injuries. 

When the weather, avalanche and surface conditions all align it can be a wonderful time of year to be in the backcountry high up on the mountain. See you on the slopes!